Fisheries Directorate, Govt. of Bihar has issued a recruitment notification for the post of Fisheries Extension Officer on Consolidated Salary of Rs.15000 per month for a period of one year. So, Fisheries Directorate, Govt. of Bihar invites applications from eligible candidates for filling up 100 Vacancies of Fisheries Extension Officer in about 100 Blocks of Muzaffarpur, East Champaran, West Champaran, Darbhanga and Madhubani District. Candidates having suitable qualifications for the post of Fisheries Extension Officer in Fisheries Directorate, Govt. of Bihar may apply in such application format as given in the detailed notifications. Details about this recruitment is as mentioned below:

Recruitment Details of Fisheries Extension Officer in Fisheries Directorate, Govt. of Bihar:

Post Name: Fisheries Extension Officer

No. of Vacancy: 100 Posts (UR – 50, SC – 16, ST – 01, OBC – 18, BC – 12 BC (Female) – 03)

Qualifications: Candidates, applying for the post of Fisheries Extension Officer, must have Graduate degree in Fisheries Science from a recognized University or Diploma of 2 years in Fisheries Science from Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai

Age Limit and Relaxations: Age of unreserved candidates should be 18 to and 37 years, 18 to 40 years in case of UR (Female), 18 to 40 years for BC and for SC / ST Candidates is 18 to 42 years as on 01/01/2012

How to apply:

1. Interested candidates having required qualifications for the post of Fisheries Extension officer in Fisheries Directorate, Govt. of Bihar may apply in prescribed application form which can be downloaded through the website Fisheries Directorate www.ahd.bih.nic.in

2. Fill up application form with proper details, paste a passport size photograph on it and send with attested copies of all supporting documents, two self addressed envelope of 16*10 size affixed a postage stamp of Rs.25, to the following address

Postal Address of Fisheries Directorate, Govt. of Bihar:

A complete application in all respect with all above said documents must reach the “Director Fisheries, Fisheries Directorate, Old Secretary, Canteen Talab, Patna 15” Latest by date 25/01/2012 by Courier / Speed Post / Registered Post etc.

Note: Application received after last date in the office of Fisheries Directorate, Govt. of Bihar will not be considered

For more details, such as age limit, pay scale, qualification, application format, how to apply, Application format, visit the given link

Fisheries Extension Officer Detailed Advertisement

Official Website: http://ahd.bih.nic.in

Courtesy: IndiaGol

Courtesy: PTI

On 2nd January 2011, hundreds of such Urdu job aspirants had assembled in the collector office compound to hear Mr. Ghulam Ghaus, Opposition Leader in Bihar Legislative Council. Mr. Ghaus on campaign trail for 10th January Raj Bhawan Urdu March informed the audience about the anti-Urdu steps of JDU-BJP government of Bihar in last six years.

Highlighting the discrimination in big teachers recruitment drive, Mr. Ghaus said: Bihar government had announced for teacher vacancy by letter no.210—2010. The total vacancy was 34540 out of which 12862 posts were researved for Urdu language and for those who were Muslim. But lastly the government facilitated only 4827 seats for Urdu. The rest posts of Urdu quota were turned in general category.

Now the Muslim candidates are reacting against the wrong and malafied principle of Bihar government. They are demanding their rights for Urdu.

Calling upon the youth, Mr. Ghaus said: Today it’s only a candle march of agitation, it must be turned into a fire march within months in all Bihar if government is not taking a satisfactory action to restore Urdu posts.

Hundreds of youth took part in the agitation. They included Salauddin Ahmad Anjum, Md.Pervez Ahmad, Md.Tanveer, Nedaul Hoda, Md. Gayasuddin, Md.Hasnain, Md.Ekram, Md. Sarfaraz, Sajid Eqbal, Farhan Kausar, Satendra Kumar, Narendra Kumar, Rakesh Kumar, Santosh Kumar and Suman.

Courtesy: TCN

During the independence movement, he left his law work and joined the Congress Party, playing a prominent role in the Indian Independence Movement. He served as the president of the Constituent Assembly that drafted the first constitution of the Republic, which lasted from 1948 to 1950. He also became the first Minister of Food and Agriculture in the year 1946 in the Interim national Government.

Rajendra Prasad was the youngest son of Mahavira Sahai, and born in a Kayastha family. He was known as “Rajen” to his family and friends. His father was a scholar of both the Persian language|Persian]] and Sanskrit languages, while his mother, Kamleshwari Devi, was a religious woman.

When Prasad was five years old, his parents placed him under the tutelage of a Moulavi, an accomplished Muslim scholar, to learn the Persian language, Hindi and arithmetic. After the completion of traditional elementary education, Prasad was sent to the Chapra District School and at a small age of 12, he was married to Rajavanshi Devi. He, along with his elder brother Mahendra Prasad, then went to study at T.K. Ghosh’s Academy in Patna for a period of two years.He secured first in the entrance examination to the University of Calcutta and was awarded Rs.30 per month as a scholarship. He joined the Presidency College in 1902, initially as a science student. He passed Intermediate level classes then called as F. A. under Calcutta University in March 1904. Later he decided to focus on the arts and did his M.A. in Economy with First Division from Kolkata University in December 1907. There he lived with his brother in the Eden Hindu Hostel. A devoted student as well as a public activist, he was an active member of The Dawn Society. It was due to his sense of duty towards his family and education that he refused to join Servants of India Society. Prasad was instrumental in the formation of the Bihari Students Conference in 1906 in the hall of the Patna College.It was the first organization of its kind in India and produced some of the eminent leaders of Bihar like Dr. Anugrah Narayan Sinha and Sri Krishna Singh.Dr. Rajendra prasad was a great man of India.

Rajendra Prasad served in various educational institutions as a teacher. After completing his MA in economics, he became a professor of English at the Bhumihar Brahman College (Now Langat Singh College) in Muzaffarpur, Bihar and went on to become the principal. However later on he left the college for his legal studies. In 1909, while pursuing his law studies in Kolkata he also worked as Professor of Economics at Calcutta City College. In 1915, Prasad appeared in the examination of Masters in Law, passed the examination and won a gold medal. He then completed his Doctorate in Law.

In the year 1916, he joined the High Court of Bihar and Orissa. Later in the year 1917, he was appointed as one of the first members of the Senate and Syndicate of the Patna University. He also used to practice law at Bhagalpur, the famous silk-town of Bihar.

Rajendra Prasad and Anugrah Narayan Sinha during Mahatama Gandhi’s 1917 Champaran Satyagraha Prasad had formally joined the Indian National Congress way back in the year 1911. During the Lucknow Session of Indian National Congress held in 1916, he met Mahatma Gandhi. During one of the fact-finding missions at Champaran, Mahatma Gandhi asked him to come with his volunteers. He was so greatly moved by the dedication, courage, and conviction of Mahatma Gandhi that as soon as the motion of Non-Cooperation  was passed by Indian National Congress in 1920, he retired his lucrative career of lawyer as well as his duties in the university to aid the movement.

He also responded to the call by Gandhi to boycott Western educational establishments by asking his son, Mrityunjaya Prasad, to drop out of his studies and enroll himself in Bihar Vidyapeeth, an institution he along with his colleagues founded on the traditional Indian model.

During the course of the independent movement, he interacted with Dr Rahul Sankrityayan, a writer, and polymath. Rahul Sankrityayan was greatly influenced by Prasad’s intellectual prowess, finding him to be a guide and guru. In many of his articles he mentioned about his meeting with Sankrityayan and narrated about their him. He wrote articles for the revolutionary publications Searchlight and the Desh and collected funds for these papers. He toured widely, explaining, lecturing, and exhorting the principles of the independence movement.

He took an active role in helping the affected people during the 1914 floods that struck Bihar and Bengal. When an earthquake affected Bihar on 15 January 1934, Prasad was in jail. During that period, he passed on the relief work to his close colleague Anugrah Narayan Sinha.^[6] He was released two days later and set up Bihar Central Relief Committee on 17 January 1934, and took the task of raising funds to help the people himself. During the May 31, 1935 Quettaearthquake, when he was forbidden to leave the country due to government’s order he set up Quetta Central Relief Committee in Sindh and Punjab under his own presidentship.

He was elected as the President of the Indian National Congress during the Bombay session in October 1934. He again became the president when Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose resigned in 1939. On 8 August 1942, Congress passed the Quit India Resolution in Bombay which led to the arrest of many Indian leaders. He was arrested from Sadaqat Ashram, Patna and sent to Bankipur Jail. After remaining incarcerated for nearly 3 years, he was released on 15 June 1945.

After the formation of Interim Government of 12 nominated ministers under the leadership of Jawaharlal Nehru on Sep 2 1946, he got the Food and Agriculture department. Later, he was elected the President of Constituent Assembly on 11 December 1946. Again on 17 November 1947 he became Congress President for a third time after Jivatram Kripalani submitted resignation. Two and a half years after independence, on January 26, 1950, the Constitution of independent India was ratified and Dr. Rajendra Prasad was elected the nation’s first President.

Prasad acted independently of politics, following the expected role of the president as per the constitution. Following the tussle over the enactment of the Hindu Code Bill, he took a more active role in state affairs. In 1962, after serving twelve years as the president, he announced his decision to retire. After relinquishing the office of the President of India on May 1962, he returned to Patna on 14 May 1962 and preferred to stay in the campus of Bihar Vidyapeeth.^[7] He was subsequently awarded the Bharat Ratna, the nation’s highest civilian award.

He died on 28 February 1963.

The two children died in the last 24 hours and six in the last five days at Anugrah Narayan Medical College and Hospital (ANMCH), about 100 km from here, hospital superintendent Sitaram Prasad said.

The first encephalitis-related death in the district this year was reported Aug 23.

Encephalitis is an acute inflammation of the brain resulting either from a viral infection or when the body’s own immune system mistakenly attacks brain tissue. The children reported high fever, followed by bouts of unconsciousness and convulsions, the health official said.

State Health Secretary Sanjay Kumar, who visited Gaya early this week, said the children died due to Japanese encephalitis.

“I have directed health officials to spray malathion in the affected areas and ensure doses of JE vaccine to children in affected villages by the end of October,” Kumar said.

According to ANMCH paediatrics head A.K. Ravi, most of the children who have died were from rural areas of Gaya and neighbouring districts. He said more than 280 children with suspected encephalitis have been admitted to date.

“Over three dozen children are still battling for life,” he said.

Suspected encephalitis in Gaya killed 46 children in 2009, 49 in 2008 and 29 in 2007, a district administration official said.

Two months ago, 55 children died in Muzaffarpur district but the state government is yet to confirm these as encephalitis deaths.

Union Health and Family Welfare Minister Ghulam Nabi Azad last month informed the Rajya Sabha that clinical and epidemiological data suggested that it was an outbreak of acute encephalitis syndrome, resulting in 150 cases and 55 deaths, mostly among children.

In a written reply, the minister said these cases were reported from early June to mid-July from Muzaffarpur and its bordering areas in Bihar.

PTI

Job or Vacancy Description:
Bihar Telecom Circle invites applications from eligible candidates to recruit Telecom Technical Assistants (TTAs)

1. Telecom Technical Assistants (TTAs) : 171 Posts
Pay Scale : Rs. 13600 to 25420 plus allowances per month
Qualification : Three years Diploma in Engineering in any of the following disciplines as on 31/10/2011 : (a) Three years Diploma in Engineering in Telecommunications Engineering / Electronics Engineering / Electrical Engineering / Radio Engineering / Computer Engineering / Instruments Technology / Information Technology . b) M.Sc. (Electronics) from a recognized institution/University.
SSA wise Breakup :

Ara -05
Begusarai -03
Bettiah -04
Bhagalpur -11
Chapra -08
Darbhanga -05
Gaya -20
Hajipur -04
Muzaffarpur -12
Motihari -05
Madhubani -05
Munger -08
Khagaria -05
Patna -55
Katihar -06
Kishanganj 01
Saharsa -05
Samastipur -03
Sasaram -06

Age : Between 18 to 27 years of age as on 31/10/2011. (relaxable as per rules)

Exam Fee : Rs. 500/- DD addressed to ” A.O. (B&A) ,BSNL, % C.G.M.T. Patna.” .No fee for SC & ST categories

How to apply : The specimen of the application form is included in this advertisement as Annexure I. Neatly typed [only on one side of paper] copy in A4 size [30 cms. X 20 cms] may be used for making application. Applications complete in all respects should reach AGM (Estt) O/o the Chief General Manager Telecom, Bihar Telecom Circle, Sanchar Sadan, Budh Marg, Patna: 800001 on or before 31/10/2011. BSNL shall not be responsible for any postal delay. The envelope containing the application must be superscribed with “APPLICATION FOR RECRUITMENT OF TELECOM TECHNICAL ASSISTANT” in block letters. Three identical copies of recent Passport size Photographs out of which one should be pasted (not stapled or pinned) on the application form, duly attested, and the other two to be pasted on the admit card at the place marked for this (Admit Card in Duplicate) (not to be attested) along with two self addressed unstamped envelopes (size 27 cm X 12 cm) should be enclosed.

General Instructions:
a) Examination fee of Rs. 500/-(Rupees Five hundred) only is payable by the applicants in the form of Demand Draft only addressed to “ A.O. (B&A) ,BSNL, % C.G.M.T. Patna.” Examination fee once paid will be not be refunded.
b) No fee for the applicants of SC & ST categories.
c) Exemption from payment fees is also available to the applicants of PH category. This exemption will, however, be available to only those handicapped persons who would otherwise be eligible for appointment to the post on the basis of the standards of medical fitness prescribed for that post and who enclose with the application necessary certificate from a Government Hospital / Medical board in support of his /her claim for being handicapped.
d. For Residents of J&K – Relaxation shall be accordance with DoP&T O.M. No. 15012/7/1991-Estt.(D)dtd. 06/12/2005 pertaining to “ Residents of State of Jammu and Kashmir (Relaxation of Upper Age limit for recruitment to Central Civil Services & Post) Rules 1997”.
f. Ex-serviceman shall be allowed age relaxation to the extent that every Ex-Servicemen who has put in not less than six months continuous service in the Armed Forces of the Union shall be allowed to deduct the period of such service from his/her actual age and if the resultant age does not exceed the maximum age limit prescribe for the post of service for which he seeks appointment by more than three years, he/she shall be deemed to satisfy the condition regarding age limit.
g. Restriction of residence and Registration with employment exchange of the concerned SSA/Telecom District in which the applicant applies is preferable and not mandatory.
h. The selected candidates, before their appointment as Telecom Technical Assistant, have to undergo the prescribed course of training.
i. The selected candidates shall have to execute a bond for a period of 2(two) years from the date of appointment as Telecom Technical Assistant in the pro-forma as specified by the Company.
j. Candidates working under Central/State Govt./Public Sector Undertakings should send their applications through proper channel.
k. The standard of paper in General Ability test will be such as may be expected of an Engineering Diploma holder. The standard of papers in other subject will approximately be that of Diploma level of an Indian Polytechnic. In the specialization Part-III, a candidate has to attempt a common set of questions from the consolidated syllabus prescribed under Specialization Part III. Answer sheet will be OMR based.
l. As per the scheme and syllabus for the examination, there will be three parts of General Ability Test, Basic Engineering & specialization consisting of maximum marks of 20, 90 and 90 respectively. The minimum qualifying marks in each of the above three parts of the question paper will be 30% for candidates belonging to OC category and 20% for candidates belonging to OBC/SC/ST category, i.e. the minimum passing marks in each of the 3 parts in respect of OC will be 6, 27 and 27 respectively whereas in respect of OBC/SC/ST, it will be 4, 18, and 18 respectively.
m. Based on the marks obtained by candidates two types of lists will be prepared for each SSA (1) Merit list (for selected candidates) and (2) Waiting list consisting of all those candidates who have qualified the examination but do not find a place in the merit list of successful candidates.
n. Waiting list shall remain valid for a period of one year from the date of declaration of result or the date of notifying the DR Examination for the next recruitment year, whichever is earlier .
o. The applicants would be admitted to the examination on the basis of the information furnished by them in their application form. They are, therefore, advised to ensure that they fulfill all eligibility conditions before applying. In case it is found at a later stage that the information furnished by an applicant is false or an applicant does not fulfill any of the eligibility conditions the candidature of such applicants would be cancelled even if they qualify and no correspondence in this regard would be entertained. Issuance of an Admit card for the examination will NOT confer any right for appointment.

Tentative Last Date :30-10-2011

About the organization:
Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd. formed on 1 st October ‘2000, is one of the largest & leading public sector units providing comprehensive range of telecom services in India. BSNL has installed Quality Telecom Network in the country & now focusing on improving it, expanding the network, introducing new telecom services with ICT applications in villages & winning customer’s confidence. Today, it has about 43.74 million line basic telephone capacity, 8.83 million WLL capacity, 72.60 million GSM capacity, 37,885 fixed exchanges, 68,162 GSM BTSs, 12,071 CDMA Towers, 197 Satellite Stations, 6,86,644 RKm. of OFC, 50,430 RKm. of microwave network connecting 623 districts, 7330 cities/towns & 5.8 lakhs villages . BSNL is the only service provider, making focused efforts & planned initiatives to bridge the rural-urban digital divide in ICT sector. In fact there is no telecom operator in the country to beat its reach with its wide network giving services in every nook & corner of the country & operates across India except New Delhi & Mumbai. Whether it is inaccessible areas of Siachen glacier or North-Eastern regions of the country, BSNL serves its customers with a wide bouquet of telecom services namely Wireline, CDMA mobile, GSM mobile, Internet, Broadband, Carrier service, MPLS-VPN, VSAT, VoIP, IN Services, FTTH, etc. BSNL is numero uno of India in all services in its license area. The company offers wide ranging & most transparent tariff schemes designed to suit every customer. BSNL has 90.09 million cellular & 5.06 million WLL customers as on 31.07.2011. 3G Facility has been given to all 2G connections of BSNL. In basic services, BSNL is miles ahead of its rivals, with 24.58 million wireline phone subscribers i.e. 71.93% share of the wireline subscriber base. BSNL has set up a world class multi-gigabit, multi-protocol convergent IP infrastructure that provides convergent services like voice, data & video through the same Backbone & Broadband Access Network. At present there are 8.09 million broadband customers. The company has vast experience in planning, installation, network integration & maintenance of switching & transmission networks & also has a world class ISO 9000 certified Telecom Training Institute. During the 2010-11, turnover of BSNL is around Rs. 29,700 Crores.Be the leading telecom service provider in India with global presence. Create a customer focused organization with excellence in customer care, sales and marketing.To be the Leading Telecom Services provider by achieving higher rate of growth so as to become a profitable enterprise. To provide quality and reliable fixed telecom service to our customer and thereby increase customers confidence. To provide customer friendly mobile telephone service of high quality and play a leading role as GSM operator in its area of operation. The trust of over 117 million customers is a testimony to an organization’s credibility and market position. BSNL enjoys this unique privilege, thanks to our loyal customers. BSNL owes a deep sense of gratitude to them for their patronage, which has always been a great source of strength and inspiration for us. Telecommunications is no longer a plain vanilla voice service. It has now become the key to economic progress and prosperity in the country. Keeping pace with this transformation, BSNL has consistently up-graded its operations to state-of-the-art service offerings. A slew of technological game changers like high-speed broadband and 3G mobile services have well and truly established BSNL as a strong market force. With 3G, our customers can have high speed data, video calls and many more Value Added Services.

Address :
BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
(A Government of India Enterprise)
O/o Chief General Manager Telecom,
Bihar Circle, Patna

Courtesy: GovtJobs.co.in

History
This is the place where Sita was born, the main character of the epic Ramayana. The town is situated along the border of Nepal. The district of Sitamarhi was carved out of Muzaffarpur district on 11th December 1972. It is situated in the northern part of Bihar. Its headquarter is located at Dumra, five kilometers south of Sitamarhi.

Sitamarhi is a sacred place in Hindu mythology. Its history goes back to Treta Yug. Sita, the wife of Rama sprang to life out of an earthern pot, when Raja Janak was ploughing the field Punaura near Sitamarhi to impress upon Lord Indra for rain. It is said that Raja Janak excavated a tank at the place where Sita emerged and after her marriage set up the stone figures of Rama, Sita and Laxman to mark the site. This tank is known as Janaki-kund and is south of the Janaki Mandir.

In course of time, the land lapsed into a jungle until about 500 years ago, when a Hindu ascetic, named Birbal Das came to know the site by divine inspiration. He came down from Ayodhya and cleared the jungle. He found the images set up by Raja Janak, built a temple over there and commenced the worship of Janaki or Sita. The Janaki Mandir is apparently modern and is about 100 years old only. The town however contains no relics of archaeological interest.

This district is often bereaved by natural calamities. One of the most devastating is excess flooding due to mis-management of the banks by both civilians and government officials.

Geography
Sitamarhi is located at 26°36′N 85°29′E26.6°N 85.48°E. It has an average elevation of 56 metres (183 feet).

Education
St Joseph’s Mission School is an English medium primary school that opened in May 1983. It is a famous school in the locality area.

Geography
Muzaffarpur is the place where the world famous poet and scholar in English and Hindi, Dr. Samiran Kumar Paul is living.His forefathers were from Pal Dynasty rulers in Bihar and Bengal. Muzaffarpur is located at 26°07′N 85°24′E26.12°N 85.4°E. The town lies in a highly active seismic zone of India. In the disastrous earthquake on 15 Jan , 1934 ,much of the town suffered sever damages and loss of lives. It has an average elevation of 47 meters (154 feet). This sauacer shaped ,low-centered town lies on the great Indo-Gangetic plain of Bihar,over the Himalayan silt and sand ,brought by the glacier and rain fed meandering rivers of the Great Himalayas . The soil of the town is highly fertile ,well drained , sandy type ,white colored and very soft to touch and till . The land scape is soothing green round the year.The town is surrounded by the flood plains in green settings dotted with sweetwater ponds and crescent old river channels , with sparkling whitish sandy river banks and unpolluted air and water. Numerous private fruit orchards and idyllic rivers are ideal for picnics/adventures/camping/outings, though local tourism is conspicuous by its absence. The city has a water table just 20 ft. below ground level and landscape is green throughout the year.The city has a non-operational civil Aerodrome,Patahi, belonging to the Airport Authority of India with an air strip of 4000 ft. length.

Muzaffarpur now is a rapidly growing city. The growth in the last decade has been phenomenal. Thousands of villagers migrated to this town from nearby villages in the rapid urbanization in post-independence India. But this has created serious law and order problems in the past.The drainage system and garbage disposal system is now disorderly and practically non-existent . The downtown areas of Muzaffarpur are known as Kalyani and Saraiyagunj. Both areas are densely populated with small shops selling a plethora of goods and services, in colourful settings and buzzing with large crowds. Motijheel is the main shopping area. Chakkar Maidan (Oval) is a place where there is small settlement of the Territorial Army non-departmental unit 151 Inf Bn (TA) JAT. Muzaffarpur Town has some ancient temples like Baba Garib Nath(Shiva Temple), Chaturbhuj-sthan, Raj Rajeswar Devi Kali(Durga), Temple of Raj Darbhanga and Kalibari, the Kali temple . There are also several large and small places of worship of other religious communities like the Sikhs (Gurudwara at Ramna), Rama Krishna Ashram ( in Bela – mithan pura ) Muslims (Badi masjid at Company Bagh), Buddhists, Jains, Christians, etc.

History
Muzaffarpur , ‘The Land Of Leechi’ was created in 1860s for the sake of administrative convenience by splitting up the earlier district of Tirhut. The present town of Muzaffarpur came into existence in the 18th century and named after Muzaffar Khan, an Amil (Revenue Officer) under British Dynasty.

The recorded history of the district dates back to the rise of the Vrijjan Republic. The center of political power also shifted from Mithila to Vaishali. The Vrijjan Republic was a confederation of eight clans of which the Licchavis were the most powerful and influential. Even the powerful kingdom of Magadh had to conclude matrimonial alliances in 519 B.C. with the neighboring estates of the Licchavis. Ajatshatru invaded Vaishali and extended his sway over Tirhut. It was at this time that Patliputra (the modern Patna) was founded at the village Patali on the banks of the sacred river Ganga and Ajatshatru built an invincible fortress to keep vigil over the Licchavis on the other side of the river. Ambarati, 40 km from Muzaffarpur is believed to be the village home of Amrapali, the famous Royal court dancer of Vaishali.

From the visit of the Hieuen Tsang’s till the rise of the Pala dynasty, area was under the control of Harsha Vardhan, a powerful sovereign of North India. After 647 A.D. The district passed on to the local chiefs. In the 8th century A.D. the Pala kings continued to have their hold over Tirhut until 1019 A.D. Chedi kings of Central India also exercised their influence over Tirhut till they were replaced by the rulers of the Sena dynasty towards the close of the 11the century.

Between 1211 & 1226, Ghais-u-ddin Iwaz, the ruler of Bengal, was the first Muslim invader of Tirhut. He, however, could not succeed in conquering the kingdom but extorted tributes. It was in 1323 that Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq established his control over the district.

Towards the close of the 14th century the whole of North Bihar including Tirhut passed on to the kings of Jaunpur and remained under their control for nearly a century until Sikandar Lodi of Delhi defeated the king of Jaunpur. Meanwhile, Hussain Shah, the Nawab of Bengal had become so powerful that he exercised his control over large tracts including Tirhut. The emperor of Delhi advanced against Hussain Shah in 1499 and got control over Tirhut after defeating its Raja. The power of the Nawabs of Bengal began to wane and with the decline and fall of Mahood Shah, north Bihar including Tirhut formed a part of the mighty Mughal Empire. Though Muzaffarpur with the entire north Bihar had been annexed yet the petty powerful chieftains continued to exercise effective control over this area till the days of Daud Khan, the Nawab of Bengal. Daud Khan had his stronghold at Patna and Hajipur and after his fall a separate Subah of Bihar was constituted under the Mughal dynasty and Tirhut formed a part of it.

The victory of East India Company in 1764 at the battle of Buxar gave them control over whole of Bihar and they succeeded in subduing the entire district. The success of the insurgent at Delhi in 1857 caused grave concern to the English inhabitants in this district and revolutionary fervor began to permeate the entire district. Muzaffarpur played its role and was the site of the famous bomb case of 1908. The young East Bengali Hindu revolutionary, Khudi Ram Bose, a boy of barely 18 years was hanged for throwing the bomb at the carriage of Pringle Kennedy who was actually mistaken for Kingsford, the District Judge of Muzaffarpur. After independence, a memorial to this young revolutionary patriot was constructed at Muzaffarpur, which still stands. The visit of Mahatma Gandhi along with eminent nationalists like Anugrah Narayan Sinha,Sri Krishna Singh to Muzaffarpur in December 1918 and again in January 1927 had tremendous political effect in arousing the latent feelings of the people and the district continued to play a prominent role in the country’s struggle for freedom. Muzaffarpur also played a critical role in the Khadi revolution. Many local freedom fighters of Muzaffarpur were pivotal in Indian independence struggle in India. Muzaffarpur was mainly populated by Bengali Collectors, Commissioners, Businessmen, Industrialista, Land-owners, Professors , Engineers, lawyers and many others since the period of The British Rule and even after independence upto early seventies.Bengalis have very remarkable contribution in bringing the city from antiquity to Modernity.

Climate
The summer, April-June is extremely hot and humid (28/40 deg C,90% Max.) and winter is pleasntly cold, around 06/20 deg C .The air pollution is comparatively less ,so the air is comparatively clean.Best months to visit are Oct-Mar.It is better to avoid visits in summer and monsoon ( Mid Jun to Sep) due to prolonged power-cuts ,heat and rain flooding in the town.

Economy
Now-a-days Muzaffarpur is famous for exporting lichi .Long ago ,the area was famous for hand-woven textiles , sugar cane ,Indigo, Opium etc. The district has a few sugar mills – now old and dilapidated. It has been the commercial hub of North Bihar and the wholesale market of all types of Mumbai , Surat and Ahmedabad Textiles mills in famous Marwari community dominated Suta Patti.Commodities wholesalers are in “Gola” Market of Saraiyagunj. Commercial hub of the town is Motijheel.

Muzaffarpur area is largely an agricultural based economy. The principal agricultural crops are rice, wheat, pulses , jute, maize and oil seeds. Cauliflower, cabbage, tomato, radish, carrot, beet-root etc. are some of the vegetables . Rice and wheat account for the major portion of the gross area sown. Maize is the next important crop for the district. Sugar cane, potato and barley are some of the non-cereal crops grown. The district is famous for delicious-mango and lichi, which are exported to other parts of the country & even abroad. Main livestock of the town includes cows, buffaloes, bulls and bullocks, sheep, goats and pigs and poultary . Muzaffarpur Town has several Industries, big and small. Prabhat Zarda Factory, Bharat Wagon and Engineering Ltd., 220 MW thermal power plant, at present defunct , Bihar Drugs & Organic Chemicals Ltd., Muzaffarpur – a unit of IDPL, units of Leather Development Corporation, Muzaffarpur Dairy, a unit of the Bihar State Dairy Corporation unit Bihar State Cooperative Milk Producers’ Federation Ltd, Muzaffarpur producing Sudha brand packaged milk are the major industries located in Muzaffarpur town and its periphery. The above industries have generated considerable employment and have also been helpful in establishing a number of small industries including a few cottage industries. The most important item that is manufactured in Muzaffarpur town is railway wagon. Muzaffarpur town is a important centre for the wholesale cloth trade . Agro-based Industries are also established in the town.

Leechi
Leechi crop which is available from May to June only is mainly cultivated in the districts of Muzaffarpur, Vaishali, Sitamarhi, West & East Chaparan, Darbhanga and Samastipur in area of about 25.27 thousand hectare with total production of about 3 Lakhs tones which is roughly 70% of national output in 54% of the area under leechi plantation in the country. The quality of litchi exported from India is considered to be best thoughIndia’s share would amount to less than 1%.

Demographics
As of 2001 India census, Muzaffarpur city had a population of 305,465. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Muzaffarpur has an average literacy rate of 60%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 62%, and female literacy is 57%. In Muzaffarpur, 13% of the population is under 6 years of age.

As of 2001,Muzaffarpur district had a population of 3,743,836, out of which 1,941,480 was male population and 1802356 was female population. Male to feamle population ratio for the district was 1000:928. The district has an average literacy rate[14] of 48.15%:male literacy is 60.19%, and female literacy is 35.20%.

Many languages are spoken in Muzaffarpur. The major dialect of the region is Vajjika, -a close mix of Maithili and Bhojpuri. Hindi is the official language. Other dialects from other regions of Bihar spoken are Angika, Bhojpuri, Bengali, Maithili and Urdu.

Cuisine and Drinks
There is no specific ,authentic and purely “Muzaffarpur cuisine” as such and most of the cuisine can at best be termed as regional cuisine.The basic ingredients are rice,wheat-flour,variety of lentils,green,yellow,root and leafy vegetables,Indian spices ,ground nut oil,Mustard seed oil,Ghee ,Surar and jaggery etc.The breakfast of ethnic variety- Jalebi,Poori,Samosa,Potato curry -all hot and staming served with propreitery variety of Chutneys,finished with Milk Tea are available in a few Restaurants. Indianised Chinese dishes -mainly noodles,Tandoori and South Indian dishes are also eaten and relished. Most of the ethnic cuisine and special dishes are cooked during festivals , Religious functions and Marriages. Now-a-days ethnic cuisines have given way to the oily ,hot and spicy foods of Pan-India type. Toddy is a fermented juice from Palm Tree has about 5%-8% v/v alcohol,is very popular as poorman’s Beer in Muzaffarpur Town. Desserts- Khaja, Motichoor ka Ladoo, Kala Jamun, Kesaria Peda and Parwal ki Mithai etc. ,but these are common to all over the province. Rice flour Paratha which is Tortilla-like,made from rice powder dough made in boiling water and fried inbutter / ghee.Marua’s Chapati with noni-ka-saag are local dishes liked both by the rich and poor. Pittha, made by powdered rice /wheat dough with sttuffed ground gram(chana) or Milk’s khoya etc. Bagedi,a small sparrow sized bird ,now declared protected,was delicate table bird ,cooked with spicy curry or dry. Chiwra, beaten rice, (a)served with a coat of creamy curd and sugar or jaggery or salt,(b) Deep fried till brown and eaten with red pepper,salt etc.But it is not a purely local food. Makhana kheer-A milk -sugar custard is prepared from water plant seeds Makhana(a kind of dry fruit)-brought from adjoining Darbhanga district .This is also taken puffed . Makuni,a stuffed paratha with (ingredients:baked gram powder i.e.Sattu, onion,chilli, pickles,mustard oil, salt,etc. Dal Pithiis wheat flour cakes boiled in delicious ,spicy dal i.e.Lentil.Chakka,Bachka,Kachri(Not Kachori),Phulori-all resembling Pakodas- are local oil fried Vegetable+Lentil powder mixture. Sawa /Kauni rice Kheer (Pudding) are also very popular. A variety of spicy dry,baked ,fried,deep fried and curried Mutton Goat’s Meat , Chicken , fish and Shellfish are prepared and eaten.Mughalai and a few Continental dishes, such as Macroni,Spaghetti , duly Indianised are home cooked and relished by some people.Pre and post dinner Beetel (Paan)Chewing-mainly dashed with (Zarda ) scented and finely cut , premium variety tobacco is very popular .

Education
Muzaffarpur is the 3rd leading centre of education in Bihar after Patna and Bhagalpur. It has a medical and an engineering college and is seat of one of the oldest universities of Bihar (Bihar University, now known as B. R. Ambedkar Bihar University. L.S.College is one of the oldest college here. The first President of Indian Republic – “Dr Rajendra Prasad” was a teacher in the Greer Bhumihiar Brahman College, Muzaffarpur.

Educational Institutions:

• Muzaffarpur Institute of Technology (1954) – Muzaffarpur Institute of Technology is a premier technical institution of eastern India established in 1954. MIT, Muzaffarpur is under administrative control of department of science and technology and wholly funded by Govt. of Bihar. It is affiliated to B.R.A. Bihar University and offers UG courses in seven streams of engineering with postgraduate specialisation in Machine design and thermal engineering. The institute caters to the research and development activities of the state of Bihar.
• S.K.Medical College (1969)
• B. R. Ambedkar Bihar University (earlier Bihar University)[ http://www.brabu.net] – Bihar University is a public university located in the north prime of Bihar state in the city of Muzaffarpur in India. Established in 1960, this university has 37 constituent colleges. Distance education courses are also offered. Besides, the university also organizes symposia, seminars and workshops. The university is a premier institution of teaching and learning in the city and offers various full-time and part-time courses ranging from undergraduate to postgraduate and research level. The university also acts as an affiliated link between several colleges and institutes located across the state in providing higher education such as:
• Langat Singh College (Estd : July 3, 1899) – This the oldest college of Muzaffarpur. Langat Singh College affiliated to the University of Bihar had the likes of Dinkar (a famous Hindi poet), Dr. Rajendra Prasad (the first President of India), and Acharya J. B. Kriplani as its faculty members.
• L.N.Mishra College of Business Management.
• M.D.D.M. College – “Mahant Darshan Das Mahila College”.
• R.D.S. College
• R.M.L College – This college is named after Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia.
• S.K.J. Law College – This college is named after Shree Shreekrishna singh , the first chief minister of bihar , established in year 1948, is one of the premier law college in state of bihar ,
• Nitishwar College – This College named after Nitishwar Singh.
• Zila School- established in British Raj ,produced numerous alumnis, now spread all over the world. excellent symbol of british architecture especially its convocation hall.
• Kendriya Vidyalaya Muzaffarpur.(Largely Known as Central School in India.It is situated in gannipur locality in Muzafarpur,It was opened for Govt. Employee’s sons & daughters. It has branches all over the world very much like embassies.It follows CBSE curriculum. [16]
• Prabhat Tara SchoolChurch run – One of the oldest and most reputed schools having many distinguished alumni in India and abroad. The school has the largest and the most beautiful campus among all the schools in Muzaffarpur.
• S.A.V. School – The first C.B.S.E affiliated school in Muzaffarpur .
• St. Michael’s School- One of the leading schools in the early 90′s when still more than 60% of people were illiterate.
• D.A.V. Public School – Many students of this school are now highly placed in India and abroad. in the year 2007-08 the school had a magnificent record for 10TH board with Abhishek chowdhary on the first place in district. many students got more than 90% including Shubham, Shamweel Anjum,Shishir etc…
• IGNOU Study Centre – 0504
• St.Mary’s School
• St. Xavier’s School
• Pristine Public School
• R.D.S.College: It is named after Babu Ram Dayalu Singh, the first assembly speaker of Bihar.It is now one of the premier colleges of Bihar.The college has columns of buildings and three ponds.There are four faculties here-Science. Arts, Commerce,and Geography.Still students from West Bengal, Assam, Orrissa and Kerala come to study coomerce and English.

People born in Muzaffarpur

• Ramvriksh Benipuri freedom fighter, nationalist, socialist and eminent writer of Hindi Literature.
• Rameshwar Prasad Sinha eminent freedom fighter,nationalist and Member of Constituent Aseembly.
• Sir Chandeshwar Prasad Narayan Singh -India’s first ambassador to Nepal and later an ambassador to Japan (from 1958) and also the second Governor of Punjab in 1953 and then governor of Uttar Pradesh from 1980 to 1985.
• Dr. Shakeel Ahmad: politician, Union Minister.

Geography
The district has a vast alluvial plain devoid of any hills. There is a gentle slope from north to south with a depression on the centre. The District can be divided into four natural divisions. The eastern part consists of Ghanshyampur, Biraul and Kusheshwarsthan blocks. This part contains fresh silt deposited by the Kosi River. This region was under the influence of Kosi floods till the construction of Kosi embankment during the Second Five Year Plan. It contains large tracts of sandy land covered with wild marshes. The second part comprises the regions lying south of the Burhi Gandak River and is the most fertile area in the district. It is at a higher level than the other parts of the district and contains very few marshlands. This part is well suited to the rabi crops. The third natural region is the doab between the rivers, Burhi Gandak and Baghmati and consists of low-lying areas dotted over by marshes. This region gets flooded almost every year. The fourth division consists the Sadar sub-division of the district. This region is watered by numerous streams and contains some uplands.

Rivers
Though numerous rivers originating in the Himalayas water this district, it has four major river systems, the Baghmati, the little Baghmati, the Kamla and the Tiljuga. The Bagmati, enters this district from Muzaffarpur district, forms a natural boundary between the district and Samastipur district and pursues a southeasterly course till it joins the Burhi Gandak River near Rosera. The little Bagmati enters the district from Madhubani district near Pali and turns past Darbhanga town down to Hayaghat, where it joins the Baghmati proper. The Kamla River enters the district at Singar Pandaul, and flowing east of Darbhanga town, joins the Tiljuga at the southeastern corner of Rosera block. The Tiljuga skirts the eastern boundary of the district.

Climate
The climate of this district is dry. There are three well-marked seasons in this district, the winter, the summer & the rainy season. The winter season starts in November and continues till February, though March is also pleasant. Westerly winds begin to blow in the second half of March and temperature rises considerably. May is the hottest month when the temperature goes up to 42°C. Rain sets in towards the middle of June. With the advent of the rainy season, temperature drops but humidity rises. The moist heat of the rainy season is very oppressive till August. The rain continues till the middle of October. Average annual rainfall of this district is 1142.3 mm. Around 92% of the total rainfall is received during monsoon months.

Economy
Agriculture is the primary occupation of the majority of the population of this district. There are a huge amount of educated people in darbhanga. The occupation is mainly doctor and engg.

Agriculture
The major crop of this district is rice. Other crops produced in this district are wheat, maize, pulses, oil seeds and sugarcane. The district also has many mango orchards.

Industry
The main industries of this district are Paper Mills, Sugar Mills and Handloom.

Demography
Population of this district as per 2001 census is 3,285,493 of which rural population is 3,018,639 and urban population is 266,834. According to the Census of India 2001, literacy rate of the distyrict is 44.32% (male 57.18%, female 30.35%). As per 1991 census, the district has 19,55,068 Hindus, 5,55,429 Muslim, 141 Christians, 198 Sikhs, 26 Buddhists and 27 Jains.
The main languages spoken in this district are Hindi, Maithili and Urdu.

Divisions
The district comprises three sub-divisions which is further divided into 18 blocks. The sub-divisions are Darbhanga Sadar, Benipur and Biraul. The blocks are Darbhanga, Jale, Singhwara, Keoti, Manigachhi, Tardih, Alinagar, Benipur, Bahadurpur, Hanuman Nagar, Hayaghat, Baheri, Biraul, Ghanshyampur, Kiratpur, Gaura Bauram, Kusheswarasthan,and Kusheswarasthan East. This district has 329 Panchayats, 1269 villages & 23 Police Stations. Some of the villages are Baqui pur,Maheshpatti, Kaligaon, Kansi, Pandaol, Panchov,Rajarouly-Rampur rouly, Balbhadrapur, Gobindpur, Dharar, Koilakh, Karaj, Nehra, Sahora, Kabilpur, Bahadurpur, Anandpur, Deokuli, Rambhadrapur, Ughara, Patore, Ghanshyampur, Mohanpur, kamtol,Kothram,Dodhiya,Balha, Dheruk, Mahinam, pahadi, Antaur and “Muraitha”. There are one Lok Sabha and 10 Vidhan Sabha constituencies in this district. Manigachhi, Bahera, Darbhanga Rural (SC), Darbhanga, Keoti and Hayaghat Vidhan Sabha constituencies are part of the lone Lok Sabha constituency of this district, Darbhanga. Jale Vidhan Sabha constituency is part of Madhubani Lok Sabha constituency while Ghanshyampur, Baheri and Singhia Vidhan Sabha constituencies are part of Rosera Lok Sabha constituency (only a part of Singhia Vidhan Sabha constituency is within this district).

Culture
This district is known for its rich tradition of folk art form,Mithila Painting. Treditional folk drama styles of Mithila region are also very popular in this district. Most prominent among them are Nautanki, Natua Nach and Sama Chakeva.
A number of fairs and melas are organised in various parts of the district. The Kartik Purnima mela, Dussehra mela, Janmashtami mela and Divali mela are most popular among them.
Two of the prominent and popular Artistic groups of this district are Mithila Chetna Parishad & Adarsh Kala Manch. Mithila Chetna Parishad is a professionally managed conglomarate of artistic activities of Mithila region. They also conduct stage shows all over India and abroad to spread the ethos of Maithili art and culture. Adarsh Kala Manch, Madanpur(in Bahadurpur Block)is run by a group of amateur artists and activists of the villages in this region. This group is immensely popular due to the depth and style of presentation of local Maithili Natak ( based on religious and social themes). However off late, the scarcity of funds has forced this club to reduce its activities and limit it within the village during Festivals like Chhat & Chitragupt Puja.

.Education

Universities
The Lalit Narayan Mithila University in Darbhanga was established on 7 August, 1972 by dividing the Bihar University(now Baba Saheb Bhim Rao Ambedkar University), Muzaffarpur. It was shifted in the building of Darbhanga Raj in 1975. The Kameshwar Singh Sanskrit University was established in 1961.A great learned Mahamhopadhyay Dr.Umesh Misra was the first Vice Chancellor of this University. Nearly 5500 rare manuscripts on Epic,Philosophy,Vyakaran, Dharmashastra and a few manuscripts of Vidyapati, Mahesh Thakur in their own handwriting are preserved in the University.The post Graduate Department is corporated with the Veda, the Vyakarna, the Dharma Shastra, the Darshana, the Jyotish & the Sahitya are functioning. Kameshwar Singh Sanskrit University is tha largest university in the world on the basis of intake(approx. 500000 students) in different streams.

High schools
The eminent High schools of this district are Keoti-Ranway High School in Keoti, Mithila High School in Makhnahi, Pindaruch Highs School, Safi Muslim High school in Laheriasarai, M L Academy, Zila School, LR Girls High School, L. M. High School Anandpur,Onkar High school Supaul Bazar Biroul and Jayanand Senior Secondary School in Bahera.